What do these Greek words say? Possibly 2nd centuryHow do you translate these verbal adjectives? (Greek)What is this participle λέγοντες doing? (Greek)The three maxims at the Temple of Apollo (Greek)Could the u in e.g. aufero be related to the u in Mycenaean a-pu-do-ke?Translation of Greek “ἅπτω” in John 20:17What construction is used with φάθι εἶναι? (Plat. Rep. 6.508e)Translating “Pigasus” into GreekWhat is the earliest known word borrowed from Latin to Greek?What is up with these codices?Hesychius quote: where are those words from?

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What do these Greek words say? Possibly 2nd century


How do you translate these verbal adjectives? (Greek)What is this participle λέγοντες doing? (Greek)The three maxims at the Temple of Apollo (Greek)Could the u in e.g. aufero be related to the u in Mycenaean a-pu-do-ke?Translation of Greek “ἅπτω” in John 20:17What construction is used with φάθι εἶναι? (Plat. Rep. 6.508e)Translating “Pigasus” into GreekWhat is the earliest known word borrowed from Latin to Greek?What is up with these codices?Hesychius quote: where are those words from?













3















Here is a very old (possibly 2nd century) depiction of the Crucifixion of Jesus on an engraved gem:



Crucifiction



What do the words say?



Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_arts#Late_Antiquity










share|improve this question







New contributor




Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
























    3















    Here is a very old (possibly 2nd century) depiction of the Crucifixion of Jesus on an engraved gem:



    Crucifiction



    What do the words say?



    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_arts#Late_Antiquity










    share|improve this question







    New contributor




    Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.






















      3












      3








      3








      Here is a very old (possibly 2nd century) depiction of the Crucifixion of Jesus on an engraved gem:



      Crucifiction



      What do the words say?



      Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_arts#Late_Antiquity










      share|improve this question







      New contributor




      Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.












      Here is a very old (possibly 2nd century) depiction of the Crucifixion of Jesus on an engraved gem:



      Crucifiction



      What do the words say?



      Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_arts#Late_Antiquity







      greek greek-translation






      share|improve this question







      New contributor




      Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.











      share|improve this question







      New contributor




      Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question






      New contributor




      Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      asked 7 hours ago









      Sacha T RedSacha T Red

      1411




      1411




      New contributor




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      Check out our Code of Conduct.





      New contributor





      Sacha T Red is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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      Check out our Code of Conduct.




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          3














          The words are Greek:




          ΟΡΦΕΟϹ ΒΑΚΚΙΚΟϹ

          Orpheos Baccicos




          My guess is that it was meant to be Orpheus Bacchicos, either misspelled or written in a different dialect. In this case, it would mean "Bacchic Orpheus" (where "Bacchic" refers to the worship of Bacchus, and "Orpheus" is the singer who went down to the Underworld and returned).



          Both Bacchus and Orpheus had cults relating to death and resurrection, and they were sometimes unified into a single deity called "Zagreus", so I wouldn't be too surprised to see their names associated with the Christian idea of the Resurrection.






          share|improve this answer






























            2














            According to this site, it has the image of




            a crucified man identified as ΟΡΦΕΩΣ ΒΑΚΧΙΚΟΣ (Orpheos Bacchikos).




            A dedicated scientific article analysing the stone (in relation to, for instance, the Crucifixion of Jesus) can be found here. Notice that it is unclear if the image is that of Jesus. Orpheos might be a reference to the Greek legendary figure of that name. For instance, the article states:




            The fact
            that Christ appears represented on a cross, but is designated OPΦEOC BAKKIKOC—“Bacchic
            Orpheus”—, is of remarkable singularity in religious history, because Christ has taken the
            place of Orpheus, and not vice versa, as it is well-known from catacomb frescoes, for
            example with Orpheus as the Good Shepherd. Therefore the artefact would be
            syncretistic or Orphic, however with an Orpheus subjected to Dionysian suffering like Marsyas at the stake, and not like the Apollonian Orpheus with his lyra amidst tamed beasts. Bakkikos as an epithet of Orpheos is not tautologic, because beside the tradition that (as it seems to be the case here) Orpheus was killed by the enemies of his own following, there was among many others one famous variant, in which Orpheus, after returning from the Hades, abandoned his earlier habit of worshipping Dionysus-Bacchus and turned to Helios-Apollo instead, for which the insulted god had him dismembered by his Maenads. Therefore the designation Bakkikos would contrast this Orpheus on the
            cross from the follower of Apollo and identify him as the founder of the Dionysian
            Mysteries (see below).







            share|improve this answer




















            • 2





              I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

              – Rafael
              6 hours ago






            • 2





              I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

              – Draconis
              6 hours ago











            • @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

              – luchonacho
              6 hours ago






            • 1





              You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

              – Rafael
              6 hours ago







            • 1





              @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

              – Draconis
              6 hours ago










            Your Answer








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            2 Answers
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            2 Answers
            2






            active

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            active

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            active

            oldest

            votes









            3














            The words are Greek:




            ΟΡΦΕΟϹ ΒΑΚΚΙΚΟϹ

            Orpheos Baccicos




            My guess is that it was meant to be Orpheus Bacchicos, either misspelled or written in a different dialect. In this case, it would mean "Bacchic Orpheus" (where "Bacchic" refers to the worship of Bacchus, and "Orpheus" is the singer who went down to the Underworld and returned).



            Both Bacchus and Orpheus had cults relating to death and resurrection, and they were sometimes unified into a single deity called "Zagreus", so I wouldn't be too surprised to see their names associated with the Christian idea of the Resurrection.






            share|improve this answer



























              3














              The words are Greek:




              ΟΡΦΕΟϹ ΒΑΚΚΙΚΟϹ

              Orpheos Baccicos




              My guess is that it was meant to be Orpheus Bacchicos, either misspelled or written in a different dialect. In this case, it would mean "Bacchic Orpheus" (where "Bacchic" refers to the worship of Bacchus, and "Orpheus" is the singer who went down to the Underworld and returned).



              Both Bacchus and Orpheus had cults relating to death and resurrection, and they were sometimes unified into a single deity called "Zagreus", so I wouldn't be too surprised to see their names associated with the Christian idea of the Resurrection.






              share|improve this answer

























                3












                3








                3







                The words are Greek:




                ΟΡΦΕΟϹ ΒΑΚΚΙΚΟϹ

                Orpheos Baccicos




                My guess is that it was meant to be Orpheus Bacchicos, either misspelled or written in a different dialect. In this case, it would mean "Bacchic Orpheus" (where "Bacchic" refers to the worship of Bacchus, and "Orpheus" is the singer who went down to the Underworld and returned).



                Both Bacchus and Orpheus had cults relating to death and resurrection, and they were sometimes unified into a single deity called "Zagreus", so I wouldn't be too surprised to see their names associated with the Christian idea of the Resurrection.






                share|improve this answer













                The words are Greek:




                ΟΡΦΕΟϹ ΒΑΚΚΙΚΟϹ

                Orpheos Baccicos




                My guess is that it was meant to be Orpheus Bacchicos, either misspelled or written in a different dialect. In this case, it would mean "Bacchic Orpheus" (where "Bacchic" refers to the worship of Bacchus, and "Orpheus" is the singer who went down to the Underworld and returned).



                Both Bacchus and Orpheus had cults relating to death and resurrection, and they were sometimes unified into a single deity called "Zagreus", so I wouldn't be too surprised to see their names associated with the Christian idea of the Resurrection.







                share|improve this answer












                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer










                answered 6 hours ago









                DraconisDraconis

                16.9k22172




                16.9k22172





















                    2














                    According to this site, it has the image of




                    a crucified man identified as ΟΡΦΕΩΣ ΒΑΚΧΙΚΟΣ (Orpheos Bacchikos).




                    A dedicated scientific article analysing the stone (in relation to, for instance, the Crucifixion of Jesus) can be found here. Notice that it is unclear if the image is that of Jesus. Orpheos might be a reference to the Greek legendary figure of that name. For instance, the article states:




                    The fact
                    that Christ appears represented on a cross, but is designated OPΦEOC BAKKIKOC—“Bacchic
                    Orpheus”—, is of remarkable singularity in religious history, because Christ has taken the
                    place of Orpheus, and not vice versa, as it is well-known from catacomb frescoes, for
                    example with Orpheus as the Good Shepherd. Therefore the artefact would be
                    syncretistic or Orphic, however with an Orpheus subjected to Dionysian suffering like Marsyas at the stake, and not like the Apollonian Orpheus with his lyra amidst tamed beasts. Bakkikos as an epithet of Orpheos is not tautologic, because beside the tradition that (as it seems to be the case here) Orpheus was killed by the enemies of his own following, there was among many others one famous variant, in which Orpheus, after returning from the Hades, abandoned his earlier habit of worshipping Dionysus-Bacchus and turned to Helios-Apollo instead, for which the insulted god had him dismembered by his Maenads. Therefore the designation Bakkikos would contrast this Orpheus on the
                    cross from the follower of Apollo and identify him as the founder of the Dionysian
                    Mysteries (see below).







                    share|improve this answer




















                    • 2





                      I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago






                    • 2





                      I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago











                    • @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                      – luchonacho
                      6 hours ago






                    • 1





                      You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago







                    • 1





                      @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago















                    2














                    According to this site, it has the image of




                    a crucified man identified as ΟΡΦΕΩΣ ΒΑΚΧΙΚΟΣ (Orpheos Bacchikos).




                    A dedicated scientific article analysing the stone (in relation to, for instance, the Crucifixion of Jesus) can be found here. Notice that it is unclear if the image is that of Jesus. Orpheos might be a reference to the Greek legendary figure of that name. For instance, the article states:




                    The fact
                    that Christ appears represented on a cross, but is designated OPΦEOC BAKKIKOC—“Bacchic
                    Orpheus”—, is of remarkable singularity in religious history, because Christ has taken the
                    place of Orpheus, and not vice versa, as it is well-known from catacomb frescoes, for
                    example with Orpheus as the Good Shepherd. Therefore the artefact would be
                    syncretistic or Orphic, however with an Orpheus subjected to Dionysian suffering like Marsyas at the stake, and not like the Apollonian Orpheus with his lyra amidst tamed beasts. Bakkikos as an epithet of Orpheos is not tautologic, because beside the tradition that (as it seems to be the case here) Orpheus was killed by the enemies of his own following, there was among many others one famous variant, in which Orpheus, after returning from the Hades, abandoned his earlier habit of worshipping Dionysus-Bacchus and turned to Helios-Apollo instead, for which the insulted god had him dismembered by his Maenads. Therefore the designation Bakkikos would contrast this Orpheus on the
                    cross from the follower of Apollo and identify him as the founder of the Dionysian
                    Mysteries (see below).







                    share|improve this answer




















                    • 2





                      I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago






                    • 2





                      I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago











                    • @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                      – luchonacho
                      6 hours ago






                    • 1





                      You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago







                    • 1





                      @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago













                    2












                    2








                    2







                    According to this site, it has the image of




                    a crucified man identified as ΟΡΦΕΩΣ ΒΑΚΧΙΚΟΣ (Orpheos Bacchikos).




                    A dedicated scientific article analysing the stone (in relation to, for instance, the Crucifixion of Jesus) can be found here. Notice that it is unclear if the image is that of Jesus. Orpheos might be a reference to the Greek legendary figure of that name. For instance, the article states:




                    The fact
                    that Christ appears represented on a cross, but is designated OPΦEOC BAKKIKOC—“Bacchic
                    Orpheus”—, is of remarkable singularity in religious history, because Christ has taken the
                    place of Orpheus, and not vice versa, as it is well-known from catacomb frescoes, for
                    example with Orpheus as the Good Shepherd. Therefore the artefact would be
                    syncretistic or Orphic, however with an Orpheus subjected to Dionysian suffering like Marsyas at the stake, and not like the Apollonian Orpheus with his lyra amidst tamed beasts. Bakkikos as an epithet of Orpheos is not tautologic, because beside the tradition that (as it seems to be the case here) Orpheus was killed by the enemies of his own following, there was among many others one famous variant, in which Orpheus, after returning from the Hades, abandoned his earlier habit of worshipping Dionysus-Bacchus and turned to Helios-Apollo instead, for which the insulted god had him dismembered by his Maenads. Therefore the designation Bakkikos would contrast this Orpheus on the
                    cross from the follower of Apollo and identify him as the founder of the Dionysian
                    Mysteries (see below).







                    share|improve this answer















                    According to this site, it has the image of




                    a crucified man identified as ΟΡΦΕΩΣ ΒΑΚΧΙΚΟΣ (Orpheos Bacchikos).




                    A dedicated scientific article analysing the stone (in relation to, for instance, the Crucifixion of Jesus) can be found here. Notice that it is unclear if the image is that of Jesus. Orpheos might be a reference to the Greek legendary figure of that name. For instance, the article states:




                    The fact
                    that Christ appears represented on a cross, but is designated OPΦEOC BAKKIKOC—“Bacchic
                    Orpheus”—, is of remarkable singularity in religious history, because Christ has taken the
                    place of Orpheus, and not vice versa, as it is well-known from catacomb frescoes, for
                    example with Orpheus as the Good Shepherd. Therefore the artefact would be
                    syncretistic or Orphic, however with an Orpheus subjected to Dionysian suffering like Marsyas at the stake, and not like the Apollonian Orpheus with his lyra amidst tamed beasts. Bakkikos as an epithet of Orpheos is not tautologic, because beside the tradition that (as it seems to be the case here) Orpheus was killed by the enemies of his own following, there was among many others one famous variant, in which Orpheus, after returning from the Hades, abandoned his earlier habit of worshipping Dionysus-Bacchus and turned to Helios-Apollo instead, for which the insulted god had him dismembered by his Maenads. Therefore the designation Bakkikos would contrast this Orpheus on the
                    cross from the follower of Apollo and identify him as the founder of the Dionysian
                    Mysteries (see below).








                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited 6 hours ago

























                    answered 6 hours ago









                    luchonacholuchonacho

                    5,77151559




                    5,77151559







                    • 2





                      I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago






                    • 2





                      I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago











                    • @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                      – luchonacho
                      6 hours ago






                    • 1





                      You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago







                    • 1





                      @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago












                    • 2





                      I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago






                    • 2





                      I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago











                    • @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                      – luchonacho
                      6 hours ago






                    • 1





                      You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                      – Rafael
                      6 hours ago







                    • 1





                      @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                      – Draconis
                      6 hours ago







                    2




                    2





                    I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                    – Rafael
                    6 hours ago





                    I was about to write an answer based on this site. It says it's a magic amulet, syncretic in nature, thus the admixture of the Christian Crucifix with a Greek deity's name.

                    – Rafael
                    6 hours ago




                    2




                    2





                    I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                    – Draconis
                    6 hours ago





                    I'm wondering where they got the omega and chi from…they seem to pretty clearly be an omicron and kappa in the image.

                    – Draconis
                    6 hours ago













                    @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                    – luchonacho
                    6 hours ago





                    @Rafael Please do so! Sorry to have stepped over.

                    – luchonacho
                    6 hours ago




                    1




                    1





                    You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                    – Rafael
                    6 hours ago






                    You didn't step over. But I'm no longer convinced there is one explanation. Perhaps the best answer is we don't know, but there is a number of theories about it. The paper you cite even says it is not clear whether it is a forgery, and it's currently lost!

                    – Rafael
                    6 hours ago





                    1




                    1





                    @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                    – Draconis
                    6 hours ago





                    @Rafael Do feel free to post another answer of your own! It sounds like you've got another source that neither Lucho nor I used, and competing theories are always fun.

                    – Draconis
                    6 hours ago










                    Sacha T Red is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









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                    อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา) ดูเพิ่ม อ้างอิง รายการเลือกการนำทาง10.1086/39456810.5962/bhl.title.447410.1126/science.163.3863.150576276010.1007/BF01796092408502"Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms"10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088432104270744"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"1990PNAS...87.4576W10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576541592112744PubMedJump the queueexpand by handPubMedJump the queueexpand by handPubMedJump the queueexpand by hand"A revised six-kingdom system of life"10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x9809012"Only six kingdoms of life"10.1098/rspb.2004.2705169172415306349"Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree"10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948288006020031978เพิ่มข้อมูล