Is the address of a local variable a constexpr?





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8















In Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 (Section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions), he uses a code example where the address of a local variable is set to a constexpr variable. I thought this looked odd, so I tried running the example with g++ version 7.3.0 and was unable to get the same results. Here is his code example verbatim (although slightly abridged):



extern char glob;

void f(char loc) {
constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
}


When I run this, I get:



error: ‘(const char*)(& loc)’ is not a constant expression


Is something happening with g++ that I'm not aware of, or is there something more to Bjarne's example?










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

    – doug
    1 hour ago













  • @doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

    – David C. Rankin
    1 hour ago








  • 1





    @DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

    – David C. Rankin
    58 mins ago


















8















In Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 (Section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions), he uses a code example where the address of a local variable is set to a constexpr variable. I thought this looked odd, so I tried running the example with g++ version 7.3.0 and was unable to get the same results. Here is his code example verbatim (although slightly abridged):



extern char glob;

void f(char loc) {
constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
}


When I run this, I get:



error: ‘(const char*)(& loc)’ is not a constant expression


Is something happening with g++ that I'm not aware of, or is there something more to Bjarne's example?










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

    – doug
    1 hour ago













  • @doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

    – David C. Rankin
    1 hour ago








  • 1





    @DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

    – David C. Rankin
    58 mins ago














8












8








8


1






In Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 (Section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions), he uses a code example where the address of a local variable is set to a constexpr variable. I thought this looked odd, so I tried running the example with g++ version 7.3.0 and was unable to get the same results. Here is his code example verbatim (although slightly abridged):



extern char glob;

void f(char loc) {
constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
}


When I run this, I get:



error: ‘(const char*)(& loc)’ is not a constant expression


Is something happening with g++ that I'm not aware of, or is there something more to Bjarne's example?










share|improve this question
















In Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 (Section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions), he uses a code example where the address of a local variable is set to a constexpr variable. I thought this looked odd, so I tried running the example with g++ version 7.3.0 and was unable to get the same results. Here is his code example verbatim (although slightly abridged):



extern char glob;

void f(char loc) {
constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
}


When I run this, I get:



error: ‘(const char*)(& loc)’ is not a constant expression


Is something happening with g++ that I'm not aware of, or is there something more to Bjarne's example?







c++ c++11 constexpr memory-address






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













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share|improve this question








edited 56 mins ago







johnnyodonnell

















asked 1 hour ago









johnnyodonnelljohnnyodonnell

378114




378114








  • 2





    Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

    – doug
    1 hour ago













  • @doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

    – David C. Rankin
    1 hour ago








  • 1





    @DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

    – David C. Rankin
    58 mins ago














  • 2





    Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

    – doug
    1 hour ago













  • @doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

    – David C. Rankin
    1 hour ago








  • 1





    @DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

    – David C. Rankin
    58 mins ago








2




2





Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

– doug
1 hour ago







Clearly, &loc can't be a constexpr. However, these lines of code don't appear on my kindle version. He does show a constexpr for the address of a "C" style string in a local function. That's legal since these are in global space while loc is an argument on the stack and not constant. Is that example what you are referring to?

– doug
1 hour ago















@doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

– johnnyodonnell
1 hour ago





@doug check section 10.4.5 Address Constant Expressions. I'll update the question to make this more clear. Also, my example is abridged

– johnnyodonnell
1 hour ago




2




2





char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

– David C. Rankin
1 hour ago







char loc is a locally declared character that is not static. The next time f() is called there is no guarantee loc will have the same address. 10.4.5 makes that distinction between an address assigned by the linker and those assigned by the compiler. 2013 Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language 4th Edition.pdf

– David C. Rankin
1 hour ago






1




1





@DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

– johnnyodonnell
1 hour ago





@DavidC.Rankin it looks like your version (a pdf) is different from mine (a hard-copy). This must have been a mistake and was updated by the time your pdf was created.

– johnnyodonnell
1 hour ago




2




2





Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

– David C. Rankin
58 mins ago





Yes, I was kinda scratching my head as to where &glob came from, but &loc was identifiable.

– David C. Rankin
58 mins ago












3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















6














Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 refers to the following code:



constexpr const char* p1="asdf";


This is OK because "asdf" is stored in a fixed memory location.



void f(char loc) {
constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
}


However, loc is not in a fixed memory location. it's on the stack and will have varying locations depending on when it is called.






share|improve this answer
























  • So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago













  • The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

    – johnnyodonnell
    1 hour ago











  • Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

    – jackw11111
    59 mins ago











  • @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

    – johnnyodonnell
    58 mins ago



















2














It appears that the example from section 10.4.5 provided in my hard-copy of the "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" is incorrect. And so I've concluded that the address of a local variable is not a constexpr.



The example appears to have been updated in some pdf versions as seen here:



enter image description here






share|improve this answer































    1














    Just to add to other answers that have pointed out the mistake, C++ standard only allows constexpr pointers to objects of static-storage duration, one past the end of such, or nullptr. See [expr.const/8] specifically #8.2;



    It's worth noting that:





    • string-literals have static-storage duration:

    • Based on constraints in declaring extern variables, they'll inherently have static-storage duration or thread local-storage duration.


    Hence this is valid:



    #include <string>

    extern char glob;
    std::string boom = "Haha";

    void f(char loc) {
    constexpr const char* p1 = &glob;
    constexpr std::string* p2 = nullptr;
    constexpr std::string* p3 = &boom;
    }





    share|improve this answer
























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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      6














      Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 refers to the following code:



      constexpr const char* p1="asdf";


      This is OK because "asdf" is stored in a fixed memory location.



      void f(char loc) {
      constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
      constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
      }


      However, loc is not in a fixed memory location. it's on the stack and will have varying locations depending on when it is called.






      share|improve this answer
























      • So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago













      • The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago











      • Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

        – jackw11111
        59 mins ago











      • @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

        – johnnyodonnell
        58 mins ago
















      6














      Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 refers to the following code:



      constexpr const char* p1="asdf";


      This is OK because "asdf" is stored in a fixed memory location.



      void f(char loc) {
      constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
      constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
      }


      However, loc is not in a fixed memory location. it's on the stack and will have varying locations depending on when it is called.






      share|improve this answer
























      • So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago













      • The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago











      • Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

        – jackw11111
        59 mins ago











      • @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

        – johnnyodonnell
        58 mins ago














      6












      6








      6







      Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 refers to the following code:



      constexpr const char* p1="asdf";


      This is OK because "asdf" is stored in a fixed memory location.



      void f(char loc) {
      constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
      constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
      }


      However, loc is not in a fixed memory location. it's on the stack and will have varying locations depending on when it is called.






      share|improve this answer













      Bjarne Stroustrup's book "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" on p. 267 refers to the following code:



      constexpr const char* p1="asdf";


      This is OK because "asdf" is stored in a fixed memory location.



      void f(char loc) {
      constexpr const char* p0 = &glob; // OK: &glob's is a constant
      constexpr const char* p2 = &loc; // OK: &loc is constant in its scope
      }


      However, loc is not in a fixed memory location. it's on the stack and will have varying locations depending on when it is called.







      share|improve this answer












      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer










      answered 1 hour ago









      dougdoug

      8621410




      8621410













      • So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago













      • The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago











      • Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

        – jackw11111
        59 mins ago











      • @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

        – johnnyodonnell
        58 mins ago



















      • So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago













      • The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

        – johnnyodonnell
        1 hour ago











      • Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

        – jackw11111
        59 mins ago











      • @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

        – johnnyodonnell
        58 mins ago

















      So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

      – johnnyodonnell
      1 hour ago







      So, you're saying that Bjarne should not have said that &loc will be "OK", right?

      – johnnyodonnell
      1 hour ago















      The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

      – johnnyodonnell
      1 hour ago





      The example code I used in the question is taken verbatim. After looking at @doug's pdf, I think the hard-copy book that I own is incorrect. I think this mistake was updated in later versions.

      – johnnyodonnell
      1 hour ago













      Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

      – jackw11111
      59 mins ago





      Is it the same as this? github.com/boydfd/books/blob/master/seeing/stalled/…

      – jackw11111
      59 mins ago













      @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

      – johnnyodonnell
      58 mins ago





      @jackw11111 my version is different from the pdf provided in that link. doug provided a link to the same pdf. My hard-copy and that pdf show different examples for section 10.4.5

      – johnnyodonnell
      58 mins ago













      2














      It appears that the example from section 10.4.5 provided in my hard-copy of the "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" is incorrect. And so I've concluded that the address of a local variable is not a constexpr.



      The example appears to have been updated in some pdf versions as seen here:



      enter image description here






      share|improve this answer




























        2














        It appears that the example from section 10.4.5 provided in my hard-copy of the "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" is incorrect. And so I've concluded that the address of a local variable is not a constexpr.



        The example appears to have been updated in some pdf versions as seen here:



        enter image description here






        share|improve this answer


























          2












          2








          2







          It appears that the example from section 10.4.5 provided in my hard-copy of the "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" is incorrect. And so I've concluded that the address of a local variable is not a constexpr.



          The example appears to have been updated in some pdf versions as seen here:



          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer













          It appears that the example from section 10.4.5 provided in my hard-copy of the "The C++ Programming Language (4th Edition)" is incorrect. And so I've concluded that the address of a local variable is not a constexpr.



          The example appears to have been updated in some pdf versions as seen here:



          enter image description here







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 52 mins ago









          johnnyodonnelljohnnyodonnell

          378114




          378114























              1














              Just to add to other answers that have pointed out the mistake, C++ standard only allows constexpr pointers to objects of static-storage duration, one past the end of such, or nullptr. See [expr.const/8] specifically #8.2;



              It's worth noting that:





              • string-literals have static-storage duration:

              • Based on constraints in declaring extern variables, they'll inherently have static-storage duration or thread local-storage duration.


              Hence this is valid:



              #include <string>

              extern char glob;
              std::string boom = "Haha";

              void f(char loc) {
              constexpr const char* p1 = &glob;
              constexpr std::string* p2 = nullptr;
              constexpr std::string* p3 = &boom;
              }





              share|improve this answer




























                1














                Just to add to other answers that have pointed out the mistake, C++ standard only allows constexpr pointers to objects of static-storage duration, one past the end of such, or nullptr. See [expr.const/8] specifically #8.2;



                It's worth noting that:





                • string-literals have static-storage duration:

                • Based on constraints in declaring extern variables, they'll inherently have static-storage duration or thread local-storage duration.


                Hence this is valid:



                #include <string>

                extern char glob;
                std::string boom = "Haha";

                void f(char loc) {
                constexpr const char* p1 = &glob;
                constexpr std::string* p2 = nullptr;
                constexpr std::string* p3 = &boom;
                }





                share|improve this answer


























                  1












                  1








                  1







                  Just to add to other answers that have pointed out the mistake, C++ standard only allows constexpr pointers to objects of static-storage duration, one past the end of such, or nullptr. See [expr.const/8] specifically #8.2;



                  It's worth noting that:





                  • string-literals have static-storage duration:

                  • Based on constraints in declaring extern variables, they'll inherently have static-storage duration or thread local-storage duration.


                  Hence this is valid:



                  #include <string>

                  extern char glob;
                  std::string boom = "Haha";

                  void f(char loc) {
                  constexpr const char* p1 = &glob;
                  constexpr std::string* p2 = nullptr;
                  constexpr std::string* p3 = &boom;
                  }





                  share|improve this answer













                  Just to add to other answers that have pointed out the mistake, C++ standard only allows constexpr pointers to objects of static-storage duration, one past the end of such, or nullptr. See [expr.const/8] specifically #8.2;



                  It's worth noting that:





                  • string-literals have static-storage duration:

                  • Based on constraints in declaring extern variables, they'll inherently have static-storage duration or thread local-storage duration.


                  Hence this is valid:



                  #include <string>

                  extern char glob;
                  std::string boom = "Haha";

                  void f(char loc) {
                  constexpr const char* p1 = &glob;
                  constexpr std::string* p2 = nullptr;
                  constexpr std::string* p3 = &boom;
                  }






                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 35 mins ago









                  WhiZTiMWhiZTiM

                  18.1k33153




                  18.1k33153






























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                      อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา) ดูเพิ่ม อ้างอิง รายการเลือกการนำทาง10.1086/39456810.5962/bhl.title.447410.1126/science.163.3863.150576276010.1007/BF01796092408502"Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms"10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088432104270744"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"1990PNAS...87.4576W10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576541592112744PubMedJump the queueexpand by handPubMedJump the queueexpand by handPubMedJump the queueexpand by hand"A revised six-kingdom system of life"10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x9809012"Only six kingdoms of life"10.1098/rspb.2004.2705169172415306349"Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree"10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948288006020031978เพิ่มข้อมูล